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eyelashes, which attach to the eyelid after magnetic eyeliner is applied, are also available. Designs vary in length and colour, with rhinestones, gems, feathers, and lace available as false eyelash designs. False eyelashes are not permanent and can be easily taken off with the fingers. Eyelash extensions are a more permanent way to achieve this look. Each set lasts for two to three weeks, then the set can be filled, similar to the maintenance of acrylic nails. To apply for extensions, the certified lash artist would start by taping down the bottom eyelashes. The lash artist would then use two tweezers, one to isolate the natural eyelash and one to apply the false eyelash. An individual false eyelash, or lash fan, is applied to one natural eyelash using a lash glue specific for this process. The eyelashes should not be stuck together. The length and thickness of the false lash should not be to heavy for the natural eyelash. If this process is done correctly, no harm will be done to the natural eyelashes.
897:, commonly add color and texture to the lips, as well as serving to moisturise the lips and define their external edges. Products adding colour and texture to the lips, such as lipsticks and lip glosses, often come in a wide range of colors as well as a number of different finishes, such as matte finishes and satin or glossy finishes. Other styles of lip coloration products, such as lip stains, temporarily saturate the lips with a dye and typically do not alter the texture of the lips. Both lip colour products and lip liners may be waterproof and may be applied directly to the lips, with a brush, or with the fingers. Lip balms, though designed to moisturise and protect the lips (such as through the addition of UV protection) may also tint the lips.1334:. Lipsticks, liquid foundations, and other liquid cosmetics, as well as compressed makeups such as eye shadow and blush in compacts, are often called mineral makeup if they have the same primary ingredients as dry mineral makeups. Liquid makeups must contain preservatives, and compressed makeups must contain binders, which dry mineral makeups do not. Mineral makeup usually does not contain synthetic fragrances, preservatives, parabens, mineral oil, or chemical dyes. For this reason, dermatologists may consider mineral makeup to be gentler on the skin than makeup that contains those ingredients. Some minerals are nacreous or pearlescent, giving the skin a shining or sparking appearance. One example is1645:
2043:(ISO) published new guidelines on the safe manufacturing of cosmetic products under a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regime. Regulators in several countries and regions have adopted this standard, ISO 22716:2007, effectively replacing existing guidance and standards. ISO 22716 provides a comprehensive approach for a quality management system for those engaged in the manufacturing, packaging, testing, storage, and transportation of cosmetic end products. The standard deals with all aspects of the supply chain, from the early delivery of raw materials and components until the shipment of the final product to the consumer.1911:. It applies to all the countries of the EU as well as Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. This regulation applies to single-person companies making or importing just one product as well as to large multinationals. Manufacturers and importers of cosmetic products must comply with the applicable regulations in order to sell their products in the EU. In this industry, it is common fall back on a suitably qualified person, such as an independent third party inspection and testing company, to verify the cosmetics' compliance with the requirements of applicable cosmetic regulations and other relevant legislation, including1473:
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provides protection against UVB. UVA ratings on sunscreens can be denoted by the number of stars or plus symbols varying among countries. It is to be noted that UVA ratings do not specifically depict the amount of UVA protection a sunscreen is providing but rather the ratio of equal UVA and UVB protection. The recommended 'gold standard' of a sunscreen should be at least SPF 30 and at least 4 stars or plus symbols. Daily sunscreen application is very important, but uses of shade, clothing, and hats are as important and more effective for sun protection.
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1882:. Due to ethical concerns around animal testing, some nations have legislated against animal testing for cosmetics. An updated list can be found on the Humane Societies website. According to the Humane Society of the United States, there are nearly 50 non-animal tests that have been validated for use, and are potentially more efficacious. In the United States, mice, rats, rabbits, and cats are the most used animals for testing. In 2018, California banned the sale of animal-tested cosmetics.145:
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Kingdom. This has garnered attention because it bring awarness to the growing need for make-up for younger girls and women, many critisize this claiming it's connected to western beauty standards which in recent years have become an increasingly controversial topic in many medias revolving around politics and womans rights. It's also a hot topic in medical spaces such as dermatology, due to the increase of young girls using anti-aging cream, despite only being around 11 years old.
1890:, a bill to regulate the cosmetic industry in the EU. EC Regulation 1223/2009 took effect on July 11, 2013. In March 2013, the EU banned the import and sale of cosmetics containing ingredients tested on animals. China required animal testing on cosmetic products until 2014, when they waived animal testing requirements for domestically produced products. In 2019, China approved nine non-animal testing methods, and in 2020 laws making animal testing compulsory were lifted.325:
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nails), and to the hair. These products may be intended for use as skincare, personal care, or to alter the appearance, with the subset of cosmetics known as makeup primarily referring to products containing colour pigments intended for the purpose of altering the wearer's appearance; some manufacturers will distinguish only between "decorative" cosmetics intended to alter the appearance and "care" cosmetics designed for skincare and personal care.
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pigmented, has higher coverage, and is thicker than foundation or tinted primers. Though concealer is often more heavy duty in terms of pigment and consistency than foundation, a number of different formulations intended for different styles of use, such as a lighter concealer for the eyes and a heavier concealer for stage makeup, are available, as well as color-correcting concealers intended to balance out discolouration of the skin specifically.
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des Industries de la Parfumerie – the French federation for the perfume industry). France is another country in which the cosmetic industry plays an important role, both nationally and internationally. According to data from 2008, the cosmetic industry has grown constantly in France for 40 consecutive years. In 2006, this industrial sector reached a record level of €6.5 billion. Famous cosmetic brands produced in France include Vichy,
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directly onto the skin. Toners usually contain water, citric acid, herbal extracts, and other ingredients. Witch hazel is still commonly used in toners to tighten the pores and refresh the skin. Alcohol is used less often as it is drying and can be irritating to the skin. It may still be found in toners, specially for those with oily skin. Some toners contain active ingredients and target particular skin types, such as tea tree oil,
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cream formulations may also be applied with the fingers. Eyeshadow is available in almost every colour, as well as being sold in a number of different finishes, ranging from matte finishes with sheer coverage to glossy, shimmery, and highly pigmented finishes. Many different colours and finishes of eyeshadow may be combined in one look and blended together to achieve different effects.
1971:(FDA) to oversee safety via legislation in the cosmetic industry and its aspects in the United States. The FDA joined with 13 other federal agencies in forming the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) in 1997, which is an attempt to ban animal testing and find other methods to test cosmetic products.1632:
media influencers. Many of these idols have become beauty icons and have allowed many men to access beauty products and to feel comfortable using them. While there may still be some societal pressure to conform to traditional gender norms, there is also a growing acceptance of individual expression and breaking free from traditional gender roles.
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537:—where the face was whitened and the cheeks rouged— though attitudes towards cosmetics varied throughout time, with the use of cosmetics being openly frowned upon at many points in Western history. Regardless of the changes in social attitudes towards cosmetics, many occasionally achieved ideals of appearance through cosmetics.5423:
1322:, which regulates the US cosmetic industry, says "FDA has not defined the term “natural” and has not established a regulatory definition for this term in cosmetic labeling." It goes on to warn consumers, "choosing ingredients from sources you consider “organic” or “natural” is no guarantee that they are safe."417:(FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as products "intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions." This broad definition includes any material intended for use as an992:
include azelaic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, papain, and bromelain. They may be found in cleansers, scrubs, and peels, but also in leave-on products such as toners, serums, and moisturisers. Chemical exfoliants mainly fall into
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Clay-based masks use kaolin clay or fuller's earth to transport essential oils and chemicals to the skin and are typically left on until completely dry. As the clay dries, it absorbs excess oil and dirt from the surface of the skin and may help to clear blocked pores or draw comedones to the surface.
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Cleansing oil, or oil cleanser, is an oil-based solution that gently emulsifies the skin's natural oils and removes makeup. Cleansing oils are typically used as part of a two-step cleansing process. After the skin has been cleansed with an oil cleanser, a second cleanse is done using a mild gel, milk
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The American feminist artist's first solo show at Manhattan's Joe Sheftel Gallery plays with feminine ideals and expectations, as well as earlier artistic movements, says Dr Kathy Battista of Sotheby's Institute of Art, New York...A series of MakeUp Paintings appear as pale monochromatic works, but
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The new generation has been more accepting of males wearing makeup, and having a "soft pretty boy" look in South Korea has become more widespread in recent years, particularly among younger generations. This trend is known as "K-beauty," and it has been popularized by K-pop idols, actors, and social
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The worldwide cosmetics and perfume industry currently generates an estimated annual turnover of US$ 170 billion (according to Eurostaf, May 2007). Europe is the leading market, representing approximately €63 billion, while sales in France reached €6.5 billion in 2006, according to FIPAR (Fédération
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are products that help slough off dead skin cells from the topmost layer of the skin to improve the appearance of the skin. This is achieved either by using mild acids or other chemicals to loosen old skin cells or lightly abrasive substances to physically remove them. Exfoliation can also help even
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Sheet masks are a relatively new product that is becoming extremely popular in Asia. Sheet masks consist of a thin cotton or fiber sheet with holes cut out for the eyes and lips and cut to fit the contours of the face, onto which serums and skin treatments are brushed in a thin layer; the sheets may
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is a powder, cream, or liquid pigmented product used to draw attention to, accentuate, and change the shape of the area around the eyes, the eyelids, and the space below the eyebrows. Eyeshadow is typically applied using an eyeshadow brush with generally small and rounded bristles, though liquid and
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is a cream, liquid, mousse, or powder product applied to the entirety of the face to create a smooth and even base for the user's skin tone. Foundation provides a generally lower amount of coverage than concealer and is sold in formulations that can provide sheer, matte, dewy or full coverage to the
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Although modern makeup has been traditionally used mainly by women, men also use makeup to enhance their own facial features or cover blemishes and dark circles. The negative stigma of men wearing makeup in countries such as the United States has weakened over the years, with the number of men using
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and found organic fluorine, a hallmark of PFAS, in more than half of the samples. Substantial levels of fluorine were identified in tested brands of products as follows: 82% of the brands of waterproof mascara, 63% of the brands of foundations, and 62% of liquid lipstick. PFAS compounds are readily
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Peel masks are typically gel-like in consistency and contain acids or exfoliating agents to help exfoliate the skin, along with other ingredients to hydrate, discourage wrinkles, or treat uneven skin tone. They are left on to dry and then gently peeled off. They should be avoided by people with dry
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Toners are used after cleansing to remove any remaining traces of cleanser and restore the pH of the skin. They may also add some hydration. They are usually applied to a cotton pad and wiped over the skin, but they can be sprayed onto the skin from a spray bottle or poured onto the hand and patted
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Most cosmetics are also distinguished by the area of the body intended for application, with cosmetics designed to be used on the face and eye area usually applied with a brush, a makeup sponge, or the fingertips. Cosmetics can also be described by the physical composition of the product. Cosmetics
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be soaked in the treatment. Masks are available to suit almost all skin types and skin complaints. Sheet masks are quicker, less messy, and require no specialized knowledge or equipment for their use compared to other types of face masks, but they may be difficult to find and purchase outside Asia.
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are used to 'set' foundation or concealer, giving it a matte or consistent finish while also concealing small flaws or blemishes. Both powders and setting sprays claim to keep makeup from absorbing into the skin or melting off. While setting sprays are generally not tinted, setting powder and face
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is a powder, cream, or liquid product that adds colour to the skin, typically in bronze or tan shades, intended to give the skin a tanned appearance and enhance the colour of the face. Bronzer, like highlighter, may also contain substances providing a shimmer or glitter effect, and comes in either
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The standard is based on other quality management systems, ensuring smooth integration with such systems as ISO 9001 or the British Retail Consortium (BRC) standard for consumer products. Therefore, it combines the benefits of GMP, linking cosmetic product safety with overall business improvement
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they manufacture or sell comply with the current cosmetic regulations and norms. The responsible person is also responsible for the documents contained in the Product Information File (PIF), a list of product information including data such as Cosmetic Product Safety Report, product description,
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Cosmetics testing is banned in the Netherlands, India, Norway, Israel, New Zealand, Belgium, and the UK. In 2002, the European Union agreed to phase in a near-total ban on the sale of animal-tested cosmetics throughout the EU from 2009 and to ban all cosmetics-related animal testing. In December
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During the 20th century, the popularity of cosmetics increased rapidly. Cosmetics are used by girls at increasingly young ages, especially in the United States. Because of the fast-decreasing age of makeup users, many companies, from drugstore brands like Rimmel to higher-end products like Estee
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around the world, with the cosmetics industry becoming a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the beginning of the 21st century. The wider acceptance of the use of cosmetics led some to see makeup as a tool used in the oppression and subjection of women to unfair societal standards. In 1968, at the
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In the United States, "Under the law, cosmetic products and ingredients do not need FDA premarket approval." The EU and other regulatory agencies around the world have more stringent regulations. The FDA does not have to approve or review cosmetics, or what goes in them, before they are sold to
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Serums are light, easily absorbed liquids that one spreads on their skin. The main purpose of the product is to be applied before moisturizer, and the serum provides a high concentration of any specific ingredient on the face. The benefits of serum are skin firmness, smoothness of the face, and
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are creams, lotions, sprays, gels, sticks, or other topical projects that protect the skin from the sun. They contain organic or inorganic filters that act to absorb or reflect harmful UV radiation. Sunscreens are marked with 'spf', which means 'sun protection factor.' This shows that a product
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Though there are a large number of different cosmetics used for a variety of different purposes, all cosmetics are typically intended to be applied externally. These products can be applied to the face (on the skin, lips, eyebrows, and eyes), to the body (on the skin, particularly the hands and
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is used to apply makeup to the face. There are two types of makeup brushes: synthetic and natural. Synthetic brushes are best for cream products while natural brushes are ideal for powder products. Using the appropriate brush to apply a certain product allows the product to blend into the skin
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are used to extend, exaggerate, and add volume to the eyelashes. Consisting generally of a small strip to which hair—either human, mink, or synthetic—is attached, false eyelashes are typically applied to the lash line using glue, which can come in latex and latex-free varieties; magnetic false
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are used on the face before makeup is applied, creating a typically transparent, smooth layer over the top of the skin, allowing for makeup to be applied smoothly and evenly. Some primers may also be tinted, and this tint may match the wearer's skin tone or may colour correct it, using greens,
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In very recent years (2023/2024) many people posting on social media have reported seeing girls, ranging from 10 to 12 in age in popular cosmetic stores, such as the likes of Boots and Sephora. This is most commonly reported in western countries, specifically America, Australia and the United
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is a cream or liquid product used to conceal marks or blemishes on the skin. Concealer is typically the colour of the user's skin tone and is generally applied after the face has been primed to even out the wearer's skin tone before foundation can be applied. Concealer is usually more heavily
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Eyes require a different kind of moisturizer compared with the rest of the face. The skin around the eyes is extremely thin and sensitive, and it is often the first area to show signs of aging. Eye creams are typically very light lotions or gels, and are usually very gentle; some may contain
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due to the fashion for red and white lead makeup and powder, leading to swelling and inflammation of the eyes, weakened tooth enamel, and blackened skin, with heavy use known to lead to death. Usage of white lead was not confined only to the West, with the white Japanese face makeup known as
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Primary packaging, also called cosmetic containers, houses the cosmetic product. It is in direct contact with the cosmetic product. Secondary packaging is the outer wrapping of one or several cosmetic container(s). An important difference between primary and secondary packaging is that any
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In July 2012, since microbial contamination is one of the greatest concerns regarding the quality of cosmetic products, the ISO introduced a new standard for evaluating the antimicrobial protection of a cosmetic product by preservation efficacy testing and microbiological risk assessment.
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through the use of a typically thick, cream-like product applied with a spiral bristle mascara brush. Mascara is commonly black, brown, or clear, though a number of different colours, some containing glitter, are available. Mascara is typically advertised and sold in a number of different
926:. Transparent, colorless nail polishes may be used to strengthen nails or be used as a top or base coat to protect the nail or nail polish. Nail polish, like eyeshadow, is available in every colour and a number of different finishes, including matte, shimmer, glossy and crackle finishes.719:
Lead has been used as a makeup product since the 18th century. It is said to be lethal to women who apply it daily to achieve a pale complexion representing nobility, as tanner skin represents the working class. Lead can be detrimental to people's health and cause death if mixed with
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A bronzer brush, which can also serve as a contour brush, is an angled brush that gives the face dimensions and illusions by allowing the makeup to be placed in place of bone structure. This brush can also be used to add a shimmering highlight illusion to the cheekbones, nose and
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comprise typical cosmetics. Typical organic compounds are modified natural oils and fats as well as a variety of petrochemically derived agents. Inorganic compounds are processed minerals such as iron oxides, talc, and zinc oxide. The oxides of zinc and iron are classified as
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is a liquid, cream, or powder product applied to the high points of the face, such as the eyebrows, nose, and cheekbones. Highlighter commonly has substances added, providing a shimmer or glitter effect. Alternatively, a lighter toned foundation or concealer can be used as a
835:, gels, and powders are used to color, fill in, and define the brows. Eyebrow tinting treatments are also used to dye the eyebrow hairs a darker colour, either temporarily or permanently, without staining and colouring the skin underneath the eyebrows.213:
The European Union and regulatory agencies around the world have stringent regulations for cosmetics. In the United States, cosmetic products and ingredients do not require FDA approval. Some countries have banned using animals for cosmetic testing.
1931:. Testing cosmetic products on animals has been illegal in the European Union since September 2004, and testing the separate ingredients of such products on animals is also prohibited by law, since March 2009 for some endpoints and full since 2013.201:
Some early forms of cosmetics used harmful ingredients such as lead that caused serious health problems and sometimes resulted in death. Modern commercial cosmetics are generally tested for safety but may contain controversial ingredients, such as
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Historically, the absence of regulation of the manufacture and use of cosmetics, as well as the absence of scientific knowledge regarding the effects of various compounds on the human body for much of this time period, led to a number of negative
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In June 2017, legislation was proposed in Australia to end animal testing in the cosmetics industry. In March 2019, the Australian Senate passed a bill that banned the use of data from animal testing in the cosmetic industry since July 1, 2020.
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and body products and not makeup as in many other European countries. In Italy, hair and body products make up approximately 30% of the cosmetic market. Makeup and facial care are the most common cosmetic products exported to the United States.
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Frosch PJ, Pilz B, Andersen KE, etal. (November 1995). "Patch testing with fragrances: results of a multi-center study of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group with 48 frequently used constituents of perfumes".
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or fragrances, are liquids that can be sprayed or applied to produce a long-lasting smell. They are created by mixing different compounds together. There are different groups of perfumes which are categorised according to their concentration.
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as well as partially hydrolyzed proteins. Tinted moisturizers contain a small amount of foundation, which can provide light coverage for minor blemishes or to even out skin tones. They are usually applied with the fingertips or a cotton
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cloths, natural sponges, or brushes may be used to exfoliate skin simply by rubbing them over the face in a circular motion. Gels, creams, or lotions may contain an acid to encourage dead skin cells to loosen, and an abrasive such as
1257:, sea salt and sugar, ground nut shells, rice bran, or ground apricot kernels to scrub the dead cells off the skin. Salt and sugar scrubs tend to be the harshest, while scrubs containing beads or rice bran are typically very gentle.685:, protesters symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can", with cosmetics among the items the protesters called "instruments of female torture" and accoutrements of what they perceived to be enforced3578:
closer inspection reveals they are the result of the artist's daily action of blotting her face on the paper. The variation in tones calls attention to the use of makeup as artifice and the layered construction of the female self.
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Cosmetics designed to enhance one's appearance (makeup) can be used to conceal blemishes, enhance one's natural features, or add color to a person's face. In some cases, more extreme forms of makeup are used for performances,
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consumers. The FDA only regulates some colors that can be used in the cosmetics and hair dyes. The cosmetic companies do not have to report any injuries from the products; they also only have voluntary recalls of products.
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In the European Union, the circulation of cosmetic products and their safety have been the subject of legislation since 1976. One of the newest improvements to the regulation concerning the cosmetic industry is the ban on
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1527:) have their own perfume line. Designer perfumes are, like any other designer products, the most expensive in the industry as the consumer pays for the product and the brand. Famous Italian fragrances are produced by651:
of London, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. She allowed her name to be used on face powders and skin products. During the 1910s, the market in the US was developed by figures such as
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Cleansers or foaming washes are used to remove excess dirt, oil, and makeup left on the skin. Different cleansing products are aimed at various types of skin, such as sulfate-free cleansers and spin brushes.
1292:, i.e., colorants that have no solubility in solvents. Cosmetic companies have become more transparent in the ingredients of their products because consumers are interested in the formula of their products.5169:
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1942:. Under the EU cosmetic regulation, manufacturers, retailers, and importers of cosmetics in Europe will be designated as "responsible persons.". This new status implies that the responsible person has the1519:
Due to the popularity of cosmetics, especially fragrances, many designers who are not necessarily involved in the cosmetic industry came up with perfumes bearing their names. Moreover, some actors and
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The term "mineral makeup" applies to a category of face makeup, including foundation, eye shadow, blush, and bronzer, made with loose, dry mineral powders. These powders are often mixed with oil-water
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Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, changes in the prevailing attitudes towards cosmetics led to a wider expansion of the cosmetics industry. In 1882, English actress and socialite
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Hyperpigmentation treatment: Kojic acid soap, cream, or powder, and Arbutin (a b-D-glucopyranoside derivative of hydroquinone) serum or cream help get rid of hyperpigmentation spots of the skin.
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information that is necessary to clarify the safety of the product must appear on the primary package. Otherwise, much of the required information can appear on just the secondary packaging.
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3866:"Toxic 'Forever Chemicals' Widespread in Top Makeup Brands, Study Finds – Researchers Find Signs of PFAS in over Half of 231 Samples of Products Including Lipstick, Mascara and Foundation"636:
also produced using white lead. In the second part of the 19th century, scientific advances in the production of makeup lead to the creation of makeup free of hazardous substances such as
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As of 2019, an estimated 50–100 million animals are tested each year in locations such as the United States and China. Such tests have involved general toxicity, eye and skin irritants,
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are often unwittingly ingested. Manufacturers often fail to label their products as containing PFAS, which makes it difficult for cosmetics consumers to avoid products containing PFAS.
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Lauder, cater to this expanding market by introducing flavored lipsticks and glosses, cosmetics packaged in glittery and sparkly packaging, and marketing and advertising using young
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to reduce puffiness and dark circles under the eyes. Eye creams or gels should be applied over the entire eye area with a finger, using a patting motion. Finding a moisturizer with
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People have used cosmetics for thousands of years for skin care and appearance enhancement. Visible cosmetics for women and men have gone in and out of fashion over the centuries.
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with the intention of adding or enhancing their natural colour. Blushers are typically available in shades of pink and red or warm tan and brown, and may also be used to make the
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1449:. In 2005, the market volume of the cosmetics industry in the US, Europe, and Japan was about EUR 70 Billion/a year. In Germany, the cosmetic industry generated €12.6 billion of195:). Makeup can also add colour to a person's face, enhance a person's features or change the appearance of the face entirely to resemble a different person, creature, or object.3759:
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that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sales of cosmetics are spread among a wide range of businesses. The world's largest cosmetic companies are
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An eyebrow brush is tapered and slanting from the top, which tends to define the eyebrows and fill in the empty spaces between brows, to give them a fuller and denser look.
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Schneider, Günther; Gohla, Sven; Schreiber, Jörg; Kaden, Waltraud; Schönrock, Uwe; Schmidt-Lewerkühne, Hartmut; Kuschel, Annegret; Petsitis, Xenia; Pape, Wolfgang (2001).
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foundation in order for it to stay longer on the face. Tinted face powders may also be worn alone without foundation or concealer to give an extremely sheer coverage base.
611:, many cosmetic products available at this time were still chemically dubious and even poisonous. Examples of the prevalent usage of harmful cosmetics include the use of1998:
in the country. The rules apply to manufacturers, importers, and retailers of cosmetics in Brazil, and most of them have been harmonized so they can apply to the entire
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is used to apply any sort of powder makeup to large surfaces of the face (loose powder, foundation, face powder, blush, bronzer). This brush is used to evenly the skin.
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McDearmon, Christa. The Eyelash Extension Professional Training Manual: Instructor's Guide. Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.
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was the main recommended marker for perfume allergy before 1977, which is still advised. The presence of Balsam of Peru in a cosmetic will be denoted by the
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1395:. Marketers and manufacturers of cosmetic products must be compliant to these regulations to be able to market their cosmetic products in the corresponding2347:
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3923:, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 88, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2006, pp.39–325,5281:
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de Groot AC, van Joost T, Bos JD, van der Meeren HL, Weyland JW (1988). "Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy".
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Cosmetic companies have changed their traditional methods of marketing by using social media influencers and brand ambassadors to market their products.
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approval before going on the market, except from color additives. The Cosmetic Safety Enhancement Act was introduced in December 2019 by Representative
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brush tends to be big and fluffy for quick and easy application of dusting powder all over the face. Powder gives the appearance of a matte effect.
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and can change the appearance of the face entirely to resemble a different person, creature, or object. Techniques for changing appearance include
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brush is usually a dense brush that distributes the product evenly while smoothing out the face. This brush is best used to achieve full coverage.
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Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD (January 2002). "Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells".
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A highlight brush, also known as a fan brush, has bristles that are typically spread out and is used to apply where the sun would naturally hit.
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matte, semi-matte, satin, or shimmer finishes. Unlike bronzer, the purpose of contour is to help emphasize your facial features by adding depth.
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The danger of formaldehyde is a major reason for the development of formaldehyde releasers which release formaldehyde slowly at lower levels.
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makeup increasing in the 21st century. Cosmetics brands have increasingly targeted men in the sale of cosmetics, with some products targeted
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complexion wafers decried blotches, moles, pimples, freckles, and "all female irregularities". Arsenic was known to be poisonous during the
4899:
3338:
1175:
A stippling brush has soft, synthetic bristles that give an airbrushed effect. This brush is best used to achieve light to medium coverage.
5500:
A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients in Cosmetics (Paperback)
4644:
4191:
Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM (November 1994). "Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis".
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out patches of rough skin, improve cell turnover, clear blocked pores to discourage acne, and improve the appearance and healing of scars.
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4568:
4529:
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2013:
in cosmetic products. All restricted and forbidden substances and products are listed in the regulation RDC 16/11 and RDC 162, 09/11/01.
852:. Though eyeliner is commonly black, it can come in many different colours. Eyeliner can come in the form of a pencil, a gel or a liquid.5321:
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are treatments applied to the skin and then removed. Typically, they are applied to a dry, cleansed face, avoiding the eyes and lips.
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4226:
Marrakchi S, Maibach HI (2006). "Sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritation in the human face: regional and age-related differences".
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oranges, and purples to even out the wearer's skin tone and correct redness, purple shadows, or orange discolouration respectively.
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2865:
2790:
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sales in 2008, which makes the German cosmetic industry the third largest in the world, after Japan and the United States. German
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A blending eyeshadow brush is used to blend out any harsh lines you may have from the eyeshadow and can soften the eyeshadow look.
4042:
3840:
1781:. Additionally, some individuals have had an emergence of vitiligo after using cosmetics containing the ingredient rhododendrol.1549:
makeup, funded a study concluding that makeup makes women seem more competent. Due to the source of funding, the quality of this
1182:
brush comes in all shapes and sizes and is used to apply blush, allowing the blush to look natural while giving a flush of color.
3600:
2978:
2948:
2505:
British actress Lillie Langtry became the world's first celebrity endorser when her likeness appeared on packages of Pears Soap.
2020:(RDC 15/2013) was set up to establish a list of authorized and restricted substances for cosmetic use, used in products such as1664:
There has been a marketing trend towards the sale of cosmetics lacking controversial ingredients, especially those derived from
3394:"Cosmetics as a Feature of the Extended Human Phenotype: Modulation of the Perception of Biologically Important Facial Signals"2027:
Most Brazilian regulations are optimized, harmonized, or adapted in order to be applicable and extended to the entire Mercosur
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1602:. The social consequences of younger and younger cosmetics use have had much attention in the media over the last few years.1496:
The Italian cosmetic industry is also an important player in the European cosmetic market. Although not as large as in other
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5445:
4700:
1964:
1908:
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is a popular applicator. Makeup sponges can be used to apply foundation, blend concealer, and apply powder or highlighter.
2650:
1500:, the cosmetic industry in Italy was estimated to reach €9 billion in 2007. The Italian cosmetic industry is dominated by5538:
3036:
1934:
Cosmetic regulations in Europe are often updated to follow the trends of innovations and new technologies while ensuring
1677:
203:
5301:
5008:
3208:
104:
1907:
In the European Union, the manufacture, labelling, and supply of cosmetics and personal care products are regulated by
1624:, and public interest groups. It has also faced criticism from men, some of whom describe it as a form of deception or5474:
76:
3086:
935:
Cleansing is a standard step in skin care routines. Skin cleansing includes some or all of these steps or cosmetics:
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123:
5248:
3625:
3120:"Beauty has blown up to be a $ 532 billion industry – and analysts say that these 4 trends will make it even bigger"3119:
4920:
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83:
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include gels, waxes, foams, creams, mousse, serum and pomades; they are used to create and maintain hairstyles.
61:
6538:
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3969:(PDF), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 20052612:
4119:
Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Biomedicine: Current and Future Industrial Applications
2392:
2241:
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5355:
1968:
1865:
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90:
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tools that enable organisations to meet global consumer demand for cosmetic product safety certification.
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1172:
brush has a small, tapered tip that allows for precise spot correction such as blemishes or discoloration.
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4016:
1916:
1756:
1388:
261:
3589:
Franks, Mary Anne. "How to Feel like a Woman, or Why Punishment is a Drag." UCLA L. Rev. 61 (2013): 566.
3178:
1795:, a small percentage of the general population. Animal experiments have shown that parabens have a weak6468:
2111:
1462:
1213:
brush is tapered with an extra-fine tip used for gel eyeliners which allows precision to line the eyes.
874:, volume enhancement, length enhancement, and curl enhancement, and may be used in combination with an676:
just after. By the middle of the 20th century, cosmetics were in widespread use by women in nearly all
57:
4144:"Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate"3958:
1938:. For instance, all annexes of Regulation 1223/2009 were aimed at addressing potential risks to human72:
6533:
6253:
5946:
5915:
5131:
2713:"Dying for makeup: Lead cosmetics poisoned 18th-century European socialites in search of whiter skin"2106:
1426:
982:
623:
during the early 20th century. During the 19th century, there was a high number of incidents of lead
438:
246:
24:
6150:
5102:
3494:
1974:
The current law on cosmetics in the U.S. does not require cosmetic products and ingredients to have
1446:
1004:
are creams or lotions that hydrate the skin and help it to retain moisture. Typical components are
673:
607:, blindness, and, in some cases, death. Although harmless products were used, such as berries, and6015:
5951:
3728:
2187:
2121:
1485:
1274:
20:
4976:
3480:
Millikan, Larry E. (2001). "Cosmetology, cosmetics, cosmeceuticals: Definitions and regulations".
6478:
6333:
6238:
6020:
5794:
5616:
5531:
4269:"7: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate".1845:. In some instances, Balsam of Peru is listed on the ingredient label of a product by one of its1412:
1052:
is a category of cosmetics devoted to products which are used to improve the appearance of hair.
821:
403:
50:
3330:
1472:
6293:
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are used following shampoo to improve the appearance of hair by making it smoother and shinier.
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566:
395:
207:
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is expected to be $ 7.4 billion in 2021 up from $ 4.3 billion in 2016. The increase is due to
1314:
products are becoming more mainstream due to consumer concerns that certain chemicals in some
6503:
6145:
5956:
5804:
4511:
2028:
1729:
1419:
1311:
1026:
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1457:
of cosmetics reached €5.8 billion in 2008, whereas imports of cosmetics totaled €3 billion.
1219:
A lip brush is small to ensure precision and is used to apply lipstick evenly onto the lips.
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6050:
6035:
5971:
5789:
4816:
3405:
1137:
682:
520:
3980:
1407:
8:
6388:
6373:
6140:
6110:
6090:
5826:
5774:
5713:
5416:"FDA Authority Over Cosmetics: How Cosmetics Are Not FDA-Approved, but Are FDA-Regulated"1538:
1434:
1396:
1335:
1128:
1068:
701:
4820:
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1856:
claims about their products which are misleading or unsupported by scientific evidence.
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5961:
5784:
5718:
5636:
5524:
4839:
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4755:
4722:
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4407:
4329:
4317:
4286:
4251:
4173:
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2578:
2096:
1788:
1693:
1546:
1532:
1497:
1477:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1284:
855:
803:, blush, or blusher is a liquid, cream, or powder product applied to the centre of the779:
677:
187:. They can also be used to conceal blemishes and enhance natural features (such as the97:
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3844:
3503:
1755:. Formaldehyde is dangerous to human health, especially when inhaled. In 2011, the US6198:
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2439:
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2141:
2005:
The current legislation restricts the use of certain substances, such as pyrogallol,
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800:
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450:
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Because of their drying actions, clay-based masks should only be used on oily skins.
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A spoolie is used to brush out the eyebrows and can also be used as a mascara wand.
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909:
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544:
343:
235:
944:
or cream cleanser to ensure any traces of the oil cleanser and makeup are removed.
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are used to clean the hair and scalp by massaging into wet hair and then rinsing.
996:
Abrasive exfoliants include gels, creams or lotions, as well as physical objects.
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176:
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378:
Though the legal definition of cosmetics in most countries is broader, in some
347:
227:
6358:
4304:
Löffler H, Effendy I (May 1999). "Skin susceptibility of atopic individuals".
4282:
3032:
2192:. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.1995:
1387:
and regulated by national or regional regulations such as those issued by the
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6453:
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6045:
5764:
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5311:, European Parliament & Council, 30 November 2009, Retrieved 7 April 20154892:"Fact Sheet: Cosmetic Testing: The Humane Society of the United States"4805:"Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research"4360:
4160:
4143:
2904:
2741:
2561:
Dow, Bonnie J. (Spring 2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology".
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2091:
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1979:
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379:
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180:
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5009:"Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council"3392:
Etcoff, N. L.; Stock, S; Haley, L. E.; Vickery, S. A.; House, D. M. (2011).
2753:
2336:. Womenshealth.gov. November 2004. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12.1430:
693:
144:
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6303:
6213:
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5874:
5769:
5132:"Australia's animal testing laws are a good start, but don't go far enough"4848:
4764:
4403:
4325:
4247:
3703:
3511:
3437:
2931:
2071:
2006:
1879:
1800:
1748:
1565:
1513:
1415:
1338:. There are various mineral-based makeup brands, including: Bare Minerals,1226:
1154:
669:
648:
615:(white lead) throughout a number of different cultures, such as during the582:
478:
5047:
4746:
4512:
Johansen, Jeanne Duus; Frosch, Peter J.; Lepoittevin, Jean-Pierre (2010).
4469:
Beck, M. H.; Wilkinson, S. M. (2010), "26. Contact Dermatitis: Allergic",
4447:
4212:
4169:
4095:
3233:
3087:"This Is the Real Difference Between Natural and Synthetic Makeup Brushes"2913:
2824:
2624:
2574:
2459:
2215:
1777:. In some individuals, SLS may cause a number of skin problems, including179:
or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes, including
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6463:
6243:
6160:
6070:
6065:
5966:
5884:
5836:
5779:
5723:
5641:
5626:
4723:"Bioethics: a look at animal testing in medicine and cosmetics in the UK"4588:
4368:
3655:"'Sephora kids' and the booming business of beauty products for children"3601:"Male Make-up: Korean Men and BTS started a revolution in men's beauty –"1875:
1725:
1689:
1524:
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1343:
1186:
1001:
964:
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534:
454:
222:
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According to one source, early major developments in cosmetics include:
6423:
6418:
6338:
6288:
6283:
6218:
6075:
5905:
5846:
5733:
5586:
4948:"California Just Officially Banned The Sale Of Animal-Tested Cosmetics"2086:
1820:
1810:
1778:
1770:
1734:
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1516:
and the changing attitudes of people in the 18-to-30-year age bracket.
1249:
1203:
brush is a dense brush that allows shadow to be packed onto the eyelid.
1200:
908:
powder can come in translucent or tinted varieties, and can be used to
771:
686:
661:
578:
553:
508:
486:
418:
391:
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4239:
2519:
Compacts and Cosmetics: Beauty from Victorian Times to the Present Day
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2424:. First ed. Great Britain: The Macmillan Company, 1970. 41–42. Print.2156:
1738:
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1032:
1022:
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838:
786:
752:
624:
574:
500:
493:
470:
434:
382:, cosmetics are commonly taken to mean only makeup products, such as231:
184:
161:
5484:
ISO Guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practices, Retrieved 09/27/2012
1608:
of cosmetics has come from a wide variety of sources including some
1508:
According to Euromonitor International, the market for cosmetics in
732:
705:
700:
in 1909 as the French Harmless Hair Colouring Company (now owned by
39:
6498:
6483:
6413:
6368:
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5831:
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5566:
3704:"Growing skincare use by children is dangerous, say dermatologists"2146:
2081:
1999:
1796:
1717:
1697:
1696:
companies in a wide range of cosmetics, including such products as
1685:
1613:
1609:
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1331:
1315:
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894:
882:
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608:
587:
561:
446:
383:
157:
5103:"China Will No Longer Require Animal Testing On Cosmetic Products"4347:
Nagel JE, Fuscaldo JT, Fireman P (April 1977). "Paraben allergy".
4073:
1994:) is the regulatory body responsible for cosmetic legislation and1806:
1593:
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
848:
is used to enhance and elongate the apparent size or depth of the
260:
brand face powder from 1926, from the permanent collection of the
6408:
6233:
6183:
6095:
5821:
5816:
5799:
5743:
5414:
Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Applied (4 February 2020).
3362:"Bloggers Touting Makeup Secrets Spur Estee Lauder's China Sales"2136:
2010:
1816:
1792:
1784:
1705:
1673:
1649:
1520:
1289:
1080:
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866:
862:
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814:
721:
631:
591:
570:
482:
466:
458:
407:
387:
192:
188:
3760:"Arsenic Pills and Lead Foundation: The History of Toxic Makeup"2009:, or paraformaldehyde, and bans the use of others, such as lead421:
in a cosmetic product, with the FDA specifically excluding pure
16:
Substances applied to the body to change appearance or fragrance
6403:
6393:
6343:
6318:
6298:
6170:
5910:
5841:
5809:
5601:
1939:
1454:
1450:
1425:
The manufacture of cosmetics is dominated by a small number of
1088:
1005:
665:
612:
533:
using them. In Europe, the use of cosmetics continued into the
442:
28:
4626:
2979:"British Association of Dermatologists – Sunscreen Fact Sheet"2949:"British Association of Dermatologists – Sunscreen Fact Sheet"1769:
Numerous reports have raised concern over the safety of a few
6493:
6443:
6433:
6348:
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6040:
6010:
6005:
3171:
2116:
1947:
1819:
are widely used in consumer products. Studies concluded from
1509:
1347:
1245:
804:
763:
530:
5516:
3148:
Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Applied (2022-03-04).
2611:
O'Grady, Megan; Schorr, Collier; Holmes, Matt (2021-05-10).
2391:
Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Applied (2023-03-16).
2240:
Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Applied (2023-03-16).
2185:
253:
136:
19:"Make-up" and "Toilette" redirect here. For other uses, see6105:
5162:"Australia bans use of data from animal tests in cosmetics"4468:
4040:
4010:
1501:
637:
422:
3721:
2888:"Cosmeceuticals for Hyperpigmentation: What is Available?"2127:
International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists
1318:
products may be harmful if absorbed through the skin. The
156:
Actor Marcus Stewart wearing bold face makeup in the play
3201:
1975:
1742:
1392:
849:
832:
3981:"Government Says 2 Common Materials Pose Risk of Cancer"2436:
Lipstick: A Celebration of the World's Favorite Cosmetic
1751:
is no longer used in cosmetics but has been replaced by
525:
Cosmetics have been in use for thousands of years, with
5446:"Why your cosmetics don't have to be tested for safety"4190:
3679:"The Psychological Factor Influencing the Sephora Kids"3626:"How K-Pop Empowered Men Everywhere to Embrace Make-Up"3391:
3150:"Small Businesses & Homemade Cosmetics: Fact Sheet"2682:"Beauty and the bloke: why more men are wearing makeup"2610:
4977:"Ban on Animal Testing – Growth – European Commission"4589:
William D. James; Timothy Berger; Dirk Elston (2011).
2600:. Voice of the Women's Liberation Movement. p.4.724:
which it allows lead to be absorbed through the skin.
5322:"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)"5073:"Here's How China Is Moving Away From Animal Testing"2651:"What the rise of men's makeup means for masculinity"865:
is used to darken, lengthen, thicken, or enhance the
692:
As of 2016, the world's largest cosmetics company is
441:
and protect the skin, as well as replenish it, using
148:
An actor applying bold makeup for a stage performance
5036:"E.U. Bans Cosmetics With Animal-Tested Ingredients"4550:
4473:, vol.2 (8thed.), Wiley, p.26.40,4418:
4346:
3300:
3298:
3236:"ISO 22715:2006 Cosmetics – Packaging and labelling"2886:
Sarkar, Rashmi; Arora, Pooja; Garg, K Vijay (2013).
2024:, nail hardeners, or used as product preservatives.287:), meaning "technique of dress and ornament," from4592:
Andrew's Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
489:, which aims to give shape to an area of the face.64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.5003:
5001:
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4381:
3479:
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1990:ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária,1040:reducing the fine lines and wrinkles on ones face.975:or sensitive skin, as they tend to be very drying.4727:Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine3452:"Makeup Makes Women Appear More Competent: Study"3295:
1886:2009, the European Parliament and Council passed774:applies makeup before the opening night of a play619:in the West, and blindness caused by the mascara461:, and balms. Cosmetics designed for more general210:, and ingredients that cause allergic reactions.6551:
4262:
4225:
4043:"Report On Carcinogens – Twelfth Edition – 2011"3234:International Organization for Standardization.2346:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (299:), "skilled in ordering or arranging," and from4998:
3751:
3729:"A Woman's Face is Her Fortune (advertisem*nt)"3331:"France continues to lead the way in cosmetics"2885:
2595:
2309:
511:, are classified as cosmetic products as well.4802:
4782:. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group.4668:"Pseudo science can't cover up the ugly truth"4303:
4184:
2560:
2041:International Organization for Standardization1385:International Organization for Standardization1372:and secondary packaging of cosmetic products.993:the categories of AHAs, BHAs, PHAs or enzymes.870:formulations that advertise qualities such as751:, powders (pressed or loose), dispersions, or629:
5532:
3843:. Campaign for Safe Cosmetics. Archived from3558:"Cindy Hinant's make-up, glamour and TV show"3227:
3113:
3111:
1112:is more about the perfume oil concentration.878:to enhance the natural curl of the eyelashes.332:The examples and perspective in this section249:painting of a woman applying facial cosmetics4721:Kabene, Stefane; Baadel, Said (2019-11-12).4720:
4004:
3262:"Summary of Cosmetics Labeling Requirements"1680:(PFAS) are a class of about 9,000 synthetic1029:is beneficial to prevent aging and wrinkles.708:28%; the remaining 46% is traded publicly).4219:
3841:"Signers of the Compact for Safe Cosmetics"2433:
1144:Various tools are used to apply cosmetics.1116:has a higher concentration of perfume than306:
300:
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282:
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217:
5539:
5525:
4665:
4507:
4505:
4375:
4041:National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10).4011:National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10).3833:
3266:United States Food and Drug Administration3108:
2892:Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery1684:compounds that have multiple highly toxic350:, or create a new section, as appropriate.5995:
5413:
4838:
4828:
4803:Ferdowsian, Hope R.; Beck, Nancy (2011).4754:
4627:Zhai, Hongbo; Maibach, Howard I. (2004).4297:
4159:
3493:
3427:
3417:
3147:
2921:
2903:
2748:, Routledge, pp.18–24, 2013-01-25,2642:
2390:
2292:Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert.2269:Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert.2239:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
1827:contain some ingredients which may cause603:upon those who used cosmetics, including366:Learn how and when to remove this message124:Learn how and when to remove this message5100:
4863:"Timeline: Cosmetics testing on animals"4116:
3555:
3209:"Understanding the Cosmetics Regulation"3055:
3053:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2943:
2941:
2673:
2460:"Suffering for beauty has ancient roots"1805:
1643:
1471:
1406:
1259:
1127:
762:
731:
252:
240:
221:
151:
143:
135:
27:. "Toilette" is not to be confused with5351:"The 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act"4867:The Humane Society of the United States4544:
4502:
4141:
4135:
4121:. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.4034:
3959:Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition3598:
2856:
2854:
2810:
2710:
6552:
5497:
5159:
5033:
4945:
4777:
3978:
3972:
3757:
3524:
2711:McNeill, Fiona E. (27 February 2022).2170:
1556:Cosmetics products may be retailed in1379:Cosmetic packaging is standardized by1134:ancient Egyptian woman applying makeup492:Cosmetics can also be designed to add5994:
5520:
5395:from the original on 11 February 20175191:"EUR-Lex – 32009R1223 – EN – EUR-Lex"4067:
3189:from the original on 16 November 20183050:
3008:National Hair & Beauty Federation3004:"Hair and Beauty Industry Statistics"2966:
2938:
2648:
2533:"A History of the Cosmetics Industry"2516:
2495:from the original on 16 November 20222222:from the original on 21 February 2022727:
5438:
4462:
3913:Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-3903:
3739:from the original on August 27, 20213473:
3242:from the original on 4 November 20163215:from the original on 4 November 20162851:
2679:
2414:
1992:Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency1888:EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics1233:
318:
311:), meaning "order" and "ornament.".140:An assortment of cosmetics and tools62:adding citations to reliable sources33:
5456:from the original on 2 October 20205101:Morosini, Daniela (10 April 2019).4647:from the original on August 5, 20204532:from the original on August 5, 20204271:International Journal of Toxicology3359:
3084:
2366:U.S. Food & Drug Administration1852:Some cosmetics companies have made1678:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances410:, and several other product types.314:
204:per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances13:
5491:
5426:from the original on 22 April 20195302:"EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009"5220:"Product safety for manufacturers"4440:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02048.x4318:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06056.x4088:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02802.x3792:from the original on 22 April 20193525:Singer, Natasha (March 26, 2011).2692:from the original on 10 April 20222661:from the original on 10 April 20222521:. Casemate Publishers. p.40.2372:from the original on 30 March 20192334:"Cosmetics and Your Health – FAQs"14:
6576:
4780:Animal Testing: Issues and Ethics4666:McLaughlin, Martyn (2007-12-20).3864:The Guardian (UK), 15 June 2021,3812:"EUR-Lex – co0013 – EN – EUR-Lex"3117:
2649:North, Anna (24 September 2018).2485:"When Celebrity Endorsers Go Bad"1946:to ensure that the cosmetics and1859:
473:, can be used to clean the body.6521:
6520:
5468:
5407:
5383:"Animal Testing & Cosmetics"5375:
5343:
5314:
5295:
5015:from the original on 13 May 20193211:. Cosmetics Europe Association.2680:Elan, Priya (23 February 2020).2596:Duffett, Judith (October 1968).2034:
1958:
1021:ingredients such as caffeine or323:
38:
5363:from the original on 2 May 20155332:from the original on 2017-03-185284:from the original on 2010-07-205270:
5259:from the original on 2021-06-055241:
5230:from the original on 2012-11-055212:
5201:from the original on 2021-05-015183:
5172:from the original on 2019-05-175153:
5142:from the original on 2019-05-175124:
5113:from the original on 2019-05-135094:
5083:from the original on 2019-05-175065:
5054:from the original on 2019-05-095027:
4987:from the original on 2018-10-264969:
4958:from the original on 2019-05-174939:
4927:from the original on 6 May 20194913:
4902:from the original on 2022-02-214884:
4873:from the original on 2021-01-214855:
4796:
4771:
4714:
4703:from the original on 2011-10-114689:
4678:from the original on 2009-04-044659:
4620:
4609:from the original on 2018-05-174582:
4571:from the original on 2020-08-054340:
4110:
3993:from the original on 2019-03-283979:Harris, Gardiner (2011-06-10).3950:
3940:from the original on 2017-12-153877:
3858:
3822:from the original on 2015-05-083804:
3774:
3735:. November 9, 2000. p.7.3696:
3671:
3647:
3636:from the original on 2023-05-033618:
3607:from the original on 2023-05-033599:Resende, Larissa (2021-05-20).3592:
3583:
3568:from the original on 2021-10-263549:
3537:from the original on 7 May 20133518:
3462:from the original on 2017-04-173444:
3385:
3374:from the original on 2017-06-013353:
3341:from the original on 2 May 20213323:
3283:
3272:from the original on 2019-12-133254:
3179:"The Lowdown on Mineral Makeup"3160:from the original on 2023-03-113141:
3130:from the original on 2022-06-203097:from the original on 2018-05-073078:
3067:from the original on 2021-04-113039:from the original on 2021-05-023025:
3014:from the original on 2021-04-112996:
2985:from the original on 2021-04-112955:from the original on 2021-04-112879:
2868:from the original on 2021-04-112842:
2831:from the original on 2021-08-242804:
2793:from the original on 2013-08-062775:
2734:
2723:from the original on 2023-05-032704:
2631:from the original on 2022-06-202604:
2589:
2554:
2543:from the original on 2023-02-282525:
2510:
2477:
2452:
2403:from the original on 2023-11-052252:from the original on 2023-11-05918:is a liquid used to colour the49:needs additional citations for4471:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology3885:"Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk"3782:"FDA Authority Over Cosmetics"3556:Battista, Kathy (2012-09-19).3290:Top 100 Cosmetic Manufacturers2811:Riordan, Teresa (2004-12-12).2427:
2384:
2354:
2286:
2263:
2233:
2016:More recently, a new cosmetic1897:
1787:can cause skin irritation and1761:known to be a human carcinogen1648:An 1889 U.S. newspaper ad for1586:
1411:Cosmetics at department store1268:
1:
5546:
4946:Hanson, Hilary (2018-09-29).4633:(Sixthed.). CRC Press.4551:Fisher, Alexander A. (2008).4396:10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00174-14384:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol3504:10.1016/S0738-081X(01)00195-X2563:Rhetoric & Public Affairs2537:American Cosmetic Association2163:
1963:In 1938, the U.S. passed the758:
664:. These firms were joined by226:A bust of the Egyptian queen5388:Food and Drug Administration5356:Food and Drug Administration5160:Jacobs, Steve (2019-03-16).5034:Kanter, James (2013-03-11).4830:10.1371/journal.pone.00240594595:. Elsevier Health Sciences.4205:10.1001/archderm.130.11.14024013:"12th Report on Carcinogens"3758:Little, Becky (2016-09-22).3419:10.1371/journal.pone.00256561969:Food and Drug Administration1965:Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act1866:Testing cosmetics on animals1791:in individuals with paraben1353:
1044:
415:Food and Drug Administration171:are composed of mixtures of7:
5765:Hair coloring and bleaching4554:Fisher's Contact Dermatitis4050:National Toxicology Program4017:National Toxicology Program3360:Wei, Daniela (2017-05-31).2054:
1760:
1759:described formaldehyde as "1757:National Toxicology Program1402:
930:
647:became the poster girl for630:
503:, such as permanent waves,346:, discuss the issue on the307:
295:
283:
262:Museo del Objeto del Objeto10:
6583:
5502:. US: Three Rivers Press.4778:Watson, Stephanie (2009).4739:10.18502/jmehm.v12i15.18754479:10.1002/9781444317633.ch262393:"Cosmetics & U.S. Law"2242:"Cosmetics & U.S. Law"2112:Female cosmetic coalitions1863:
1728:. A 2021 study tested 2311590:
1427:multinational corporations1357:
1325:
1299:
1295:
1272:
1238:In addition to brushes, a1147:
1132:Imaginary depiction of an1075:
594:in the nineteenth century.518:
514:
413:In the United States, the18:
6516:
6001:
5990:
5939:
5898:
5862:
5752:
5701:
5665:
5554:
5166:The Sydney Morning Herald4283:10.3109/109158183091420053061:"Fragrances and perfumes"2517:Marsh, Madeleine (2014).2107:Electrotherapy (cosmetic)1985:
1902:
1692:. PFAS are used by major1639:
301:
289:
277:
247:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec25:Cosmetic (disambiguation)4361:10.1001/jama.237.15.15944161:10.2340/00015555712963002905:10.4103/0974-2077.1100892613:"Makeup Is for Everyone"2198:10.1002/14356007.a24_2192122:Ingredients of cosmetics1275:Ingredients of cosmetics1123:
881:Lip products, including437:may be used to cleanse,218:Definition and etymology21:Make-up (disambiguation)6239:Laura Mercier Cosmetics6021:Anastasia Beverly Hills5947:Cosmetic electrotherapy5572:Botulinum toxin (Botox)4117:Bilensoy, Erem (2011).2754:10.4324/9780080553214-82434:Pallingston, J (1998).2305:A Greek-English Lexicon2282:A Greek-English Lexicon1955:, or product function.1909:Regulation EC 1223/20091874:(toxicity triggered by1741:, and such products on1618:animal rights activists1264:Eyeshadow being applied1104:The difference between747:can be liquid or cream433:Cosmetics designed for6204:Jeffree Star Cosmetics6131:Daigaku Honyaku Center5498:Winter, Ruth (2005) .4228:Skin Pharmacol Physiol3956:"Formaldehyde (gas)",3733:The Helena Independent3527:"What would Estee Do?"3482:Clinics in Dermatology3085:Webster, Emma Sarran.2438:. St. Martin's Press.2422:The History of Make-up1813:
1753:formaldehyde releasers1730:personal care products1657:
1493:
1422:
1265:
1141:
775:
739:
428:
265:
250:
238:
208:formaldehyde releasers165:
149:
141:
6146:Elizabeth Arden, Inc.6051:Bath & Body Works5996:Major cosmetic brands5957:Cosmetics advertising4896:www.humanesociety.org2862:"Soaps and cleansers"2575:10.1353/rap.2003.00281809:
1688:atoms attached to an1670:sodium lauryl sulfate1647:
1591:Further information:1553:study is questioned.1475:
1420:Hamilton, New Zealand1410:
1397:areas of jurisdiction1263:
1131:
903:, setting powder, or766:
735:
256:
244:
225:
155:
147:
139:
6334:Neal's Yard Remedies5972:History of cosmetics5952:Cosmetic ingredients5452:. 16 December 2019.5278:"Regulatory context"5011:. 22 December 2009.4921:"Animal Testing 101"4277:(7): 127–181. 1983.3770:on November 5, 2018.2813:"'Inventing Beauty'"2598:WLM vs. Miss America2420:Angeloglou, Maggie.2362:"Cosmetics Overview"2018:Technical Regulation1921:hazardous substances1799:activity, acting as1539:Procter & Gamble1435:Procter & Gamble1158:smoothly and evenly.1138:Royal Ontario Museum1136:. Painting from the811:appear more defined.683:Miss America protest678:industrial societies521:History of cosmetics425:from this category.344:improve this section334:may not represent a272:is derived from the175:derived from either58:improve this article6111:ColourPop Cosmetics5714:Circle contact lens5249:"The Single Market"5079:. 16 January 2018.4821:2011PLoSO...624059F4148:Acta Derm. Venereol3764:National Geographic3410:2011PLoSO...625656E3306:"Cosmetic Industry"2489:The Washington Post1547:Dolce & Gabbana1533:Dolce & Gabbana1469:, and many others.1336:bismuth oxychloride1285:inorganic compounds990:Chemical exfoliants714:specifically at men702:Liliane Bettencourt581:, described by the230:showing the use of5962:Cosmetic packaging5719:Eyelash extensions5480:2016-10-04 at the5307:2019-05-13 at the5040:The New York Times4699:. Badscience.net.4515:Contact Dermatitis4076:Contact Dermatitis3986:The New York Times3964:2019-08-06 at the3917:-Butoxypropan-2-ol3871:2021-06-26 at the3531:The New York Times3456:The New York Times2817:The New York Times2617:The New York Times2299:2020-11-01 at the2276:2020-08-03 at the2097:Cosmetic packaging1843:Myroxylon pereirae1829:allergic reactions1814:
1789:contact dermatitis1694:cosmetics industry1658:
1498:European countries1494:
1463:Yves Saint Laurent1423:
1366:cosmetic packaging1360:Cosmetic packaging1266:
1142:
776:
755:creams or sticks.740:
728:Types of cosmetics499:Products used for266:
251:
239:
173:chemical compounds166:
150:
142:
6547:
6546:
6512:
6511:
6489:Victoria's Secret6199:Helena Rubinstein6081:Bumble and bumble5977:Cosmetic industry5509:978-1-4000-5233-25077:www.bloomberg.com4789:978-1-4358-5671-44640:978-0-203-42627-24630:Dermatotoxicology4602:978-1-4377-3619-94564:978-1-55009-378-04525:978-3-642-03827-34488:978-1-4443-1763-34240:10.1159/0000931124128:978-0-470-92680-23930:978-92-832-1288-13063:. dermnetnz.org.2864:. dermnetnz.org.2763:978-0-08-055321-42445:978-0-312-19914-22207:978-3-527-30673-22142:Natural skin care1854:pseudo-scientific1733:absorbed through1562:department stores1551:Boston University1370:primary packaging1312:certified organic1281:organic compounds1234:Other applicators1063:Hair conditioners831:pencils, creams,658:Helena Rubinstein549:ancient Egyptians527:ancient Egyptians380:Western countries376:
375:
368:
134:
133:
126:
108:
6572:
6524:
6523:
6309:Morphe Cosmetics6274:Make Up For Ever6091:Carol's Daughter5992:
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5870:Artificial nails5827:Styling products5632:Permanent makeup5562:Anti-aging cream5541:
5534:
5527:
5518:
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5268:
5267:
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5238:
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4934:
4932:
4923:. 22 June 2010.4917:
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4133:
4132:
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4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4052:. Archived from4047:
4038:
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3910:"Formaldehyde",3907:
3901:
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3853:
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3828:
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3788:. 8 March 2021.3778:
3772:
3771:
3766:. Archived from3755:
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3383:
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3380:
3379:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3337:. 24 July 2008.3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3308:. Archived from3302:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3258:
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3251:
3249:
3247:
3231:
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3224:
3222:
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3138:
3136:
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3124:Business Insider3118:Biron, Bethany.3115:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3057:
3048:
3047:
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3029:
3023:
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3020:
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3000:
2994:
2993:
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2975:
2964:
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2961:
2960:
2945:
2936:
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2858:
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2808:
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2798:
2783:"Eyebrow Pencil"2779:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2717:The Conversation2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2646:
2640:
2639:
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2608:
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2358:
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2261:
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2258:
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2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2183:
2152:Permanent makeup2102:Cosmetics policy1967:authorizing the1614:religious groups1482:Westfield Albany1302:Organic movement1069:Styling products698:Eugène Schueller635:
560:as a protective481:, and people in371:
364:
360:
357:
351:
327:
326:
319:
315:Legal definition310:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
286:
284:kosmetikē tekhnē280:
279:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
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6508:
6449:Tarte Cosmetics6329:Nature Republic6224:Kylie Cosmetics6209:Kao Corporation5997:
5986:
5935:
5931:Sunless tanning5921:Plastic surgery5894:
5858:
5748:
5697:
5661:
5657:Venetian ceruse5622:Moist towelette5550:
5545:
5510:
5494:
5492:Further reading5489:
5488:
5482:Wayback Machine5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5444:
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5439:
5429:
5427:
5412:
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5364:
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5348:
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5309:Wayback Machine5300:
5296:
5287:
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177:natural sources130:
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6008:
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5999:
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5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5982:Male cosmetics5979:
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5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5926:Skin whitening5923:
5918:
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5908:
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5900:
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5895:
5893:
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5882:
5877:
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5709:Blepharoplasty5705:
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5699:
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5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
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5667:
5663:
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5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5508:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5467:
5437:
5406:
5374:
5342:
5313:
5294:
5269:
5240:
5211:
5182:
5152:
5123:
5093:
5064:
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4997:
4983:. 2016-07-05.4968:
4938:
4912:
4883:
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4658:
4639:
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4581:
4563:
4543:
4524:
4501:
4487:
4461:
4417:
4374:
4355:(15): 1594–5.4339:
4296:
4261:
4218:
4199:(11): 1402–7.4183:
4154:(4): 296–300.4134:
4127:
4109:
4082:(4): 197–201.4066:
4033:
4003:
3971:
3949:
3929:
3902:
3876:
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3832:
3803:
3773:
3750:
3720:
3695:
3670:
3646:
3632:. 2021-06-21.3617:
3591:
3582:
3548:
3517:
3488:(4): 371–374.3472:
3458:. 2011-10-12.3443:
3404:(10): e25656.3384:
3367:Bloomberg News3352:
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3282:
3253:
3226:
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3170:
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3107:
3077:
3049:
3024:
2995:
2981:. bad.org.uk.2965:
2951:. bad.org.uk.2937:
2878:
2850:
2841:
2803:
2787:Cosmetics Info2774:
2762:
2742:"GETTING DVDS"2733:
2703:
2672:
2641:
2603:
2588:
2569:(1): 127–149.2553:
2524:
2509:
2476:
2451:
2444:
2426:
2413:
2383:
2353:
2308:
2285:
2262:
2232:
2206:
2189:Skin Cosmetics2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Male cosmetics2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:Acne cosmetica2058:
2056:
2053:
2036:
2033:
1987:
1984:
1960:
1957:
1936:product safety1929:animal testing1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1864:Main article:1861:
1860:Animal testing1858:
1835:Balsam of Peru1682:organofluorine1641:
1638:
1588:
1585:
1578:grocery stores1574:variety stores1541:, which sells1535:, and others.1529:Giorgio Armani1404:
1401:
1358:Main article:1355:
1352:
1327:
1324:
1297:
1294:
1273:Main article:1270:
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645:Lillie Langtry596:
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519:Main article:516:
513:
457:, eye creams,430:
427:
374:
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338:of the subject336:worldwide view331:
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322:
316:
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264:in Mexico City219:
216:
132:
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6459:The Face Shop6457:
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6354:NYX Cosmetics6352:
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6265:
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4810:
4806:
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4674:. Edinburgh.4673:
4669:
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4508:
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4484:
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4476:
4472:
4465:
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4434:(5): 333–42.4433:
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